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DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
Concepts and Planning
Order Number:
AA-Q06TE-TE
July 1999
This manual describes concepts and planning tasks to prepare you to use
the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product.
Revision Information:
This is a revised manual.
Operating Systems:
OpenVMS Alpha Versions 7.1, 7.2, 7.2-1 OpenVMS VAX Versions 7.1, 7.2,
7.2-1
Software Version:
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5.0A
Compaq Computer Corporation
Houston, Texas
July 1999
Digital Equipment Corporation makes no representations that the use of
its products in the manner described in this publication will not
infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions
contained in this publication imply the granting of licenses to make,
use, or sell equipment or software in accordance with the description.
Possession, use, or copying of the software described in this
publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid written license from
Digital Equipment Corporation or an authorized sublicensor.
© Digital Equipment Corporation 1999. All rights reserved.
Compaq, the Compaq logo, and the DIGITAL logo are registered in the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Alpha, AlphaServer, AlphaStation, DEC, DECnet, DIGITAL, OpenVMS,
PATHWORKS, Tru64, VAX, VMS, are trademarks of Compaq Computer
Corporation.
The following are third-party trademarks:
ARCnet is a registered trademark of DATAPOINT Corporation.
JOIN is a trademark of Competitive Automation, Inc.
MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
NetBIOS is a trademark of Micro Computer Systems, Inc.
NFS, PC-NFS, and Sun are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
OSF/1 is a registered trademark of The Open Group.
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other
countries, licensed exclusively through The Open Group.
X Window System is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Windows NT is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of
their respective holders.
ZK6523
This document is available on CD-ROM.
Preface
An open communications standard defined by the worldwide networking
community, TCP/IP consists of numerous application, routing, transport,
and network management protocols. These protocols enable any connected
host to communicate with any other connected host, without needing to
know details about the other host or the intervening network topology.
Computers and networks from different manufacturers running different
operating systems can interoperate seamlessly.
The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product is Compaq's
implementation of the TCP/IP networking protocol suite and internet
services for OpenVMS Alpha and OpenVMS VAX systems.
This manual introduces the TCP/IP Services product and provides
conceptual and planning information to help you configure and manage
the product.
Intended Audience
This manual is for anyone who needs an overview of the TCP/IP Services
product.
See the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS User's Guide for information on using TCP/IP Services
applications and the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management guide for details on configuring and
managing the TCP/IP Services product.
Document Structure
This manual contains the following chapters, appendixes, and a glossary.
- Chapter 1 provides an overview of the TCP/IP Services product.
- Chapter 2 introduces TCP/IP networking concepts.
- Chapter 3 describes the TCP/IP Services implementation of the
Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) service.
- Chapter 4 describes the Network File System (NFS) and the
differences between OpenVMS and the UNIX style file systems.
- Chapter 5 describes general planning issues to consider before
configuring your system to use DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.
- Appendix A describes how to register your network with a network
registry and your domain and name servers with your parent-top-level
domain.
- Appendix B lists the RFCs associated with the TCP/IP Services for
OpenVMS implementation.
- Appendix C provides worksheets for use when configuring your
system.
- The Glossary provides a glossary of terms.
Guide to Documentation
Table 1 lists the the documents available to you with this version
of DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.
Table 1 DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Documentation
| Manual |
Contents |
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning
|
This manual introduces the TCP/IP Services product and provides
conceptual and planning information to help you configure and manage
the product.
This manual also provides a glossary of terms and acronyms, lists
the RFCs associated with this product, and documents how to register
your network and domain and name servers.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Release Notes
|
This text file describes new features and changes to the software
including installation, upgrade, configuration, and compatibility
information. These notes also describe new and existing software
problems and restrictions, and software and documentation corrections.
Print this text file at the beginning of the installation procedure
and read it before you install DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Installation and Configuration
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This manual explains how to install and configure the DIGITAL TCP/IP
Services for OpenVMS layered application product.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS User's Guide
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This manual describes how to use the applications available with
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS such as remote file operations,
e-mail, TELNET, TN3270, and network printing. This manual also explains
how to use these services to communicate with systems on private
internets or on the worldwide Internet.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management
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This manual describes how to configure and manage the DIGITAL TCP/IP
Services for OpenVMS product.
Use this manual with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference manual.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference
|
This manual describes the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
management commands.
Use this manual with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management manual.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS ONC RPC Programming
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This manual presents an overview of high-level programming using open
network computing remote procedure calls (ONC RPC). This manual also
describes the RPC programming interface and how to use the RPCGEN
protocol compiler to create applications.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS System Services and C Socket Programming
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This manual describes how to use the OpenVMS system services and C
Socket programming interfaces to develop network-based applications.
|
|
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS eSNMP Programming and Reference
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This manual describes the Extensible Simple Network Management Protocol
(eSNMP), the eSNMP application programming interface (API), and how to
build additional subagents to manage vendor-specific equipment.
|
For additional information about the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for
OpenVMS products and services, access the DIGITAL OpenVMS World Wide
Web site at the following URL:
http://h71000.www7.hp.com/doc/
|
If you are looking for a comprehensive overview of the TCP/IP protocol
suite, you might find the following useful:
- Comer, Douglas E. Internetworking with TCP/IP Volume 1:
Principles, Protocols, and Architecture. Third edition. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1995.
- Stevens, W. Richard. UNIX Network Programming Volume 1:
Networking APIs: Sockets and XTI. Second edition. Englewood
Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999.
- Stevens, W. Richard. UNIX Network Programming Volume 2:
Interprocess Communications. Second edition. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall Inc., 1999.
Terminology
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 5.0 completes the change
initiated several releases ago when the product name changed from
"ULTRIX Connection (UCX)" to "DIGITAL TCP/IP Services
for OpenVMS." To complete this change, the identifier
"UCX" is replaced with "TCPIP" in the following:
- Registered product facility code
- Management command prompt
- All messages, examples, and banners
- All product file names, queues, and databases
- All logical names, except those retained for compatibility
- All associated product documentation
DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS is used to mean both:
- DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Alpha
- DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS VAX
The auxiliary server is the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
implementation of the UNIX internet daemon (inetd).
NFS is the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS implementation of the
NFS protocols, including the NFS server, the NFS client, and PC-NFS.
TN3270 is the TELNET client software that emulates IBM 3270 model
terminals.
The term UNIX refers to DIGITAL UNIX operating system. DIGITAL UNIX is
fully compatible with Version 4.3 and Version 4.4 of the Berkeley
Software Distribution (BSD).
Host and node both mean a system
connected to an internet.
The term Internet refers to the global interconnection
of networks, as defined by RFC 1208, which consists of large networks
using TCP/IP to provide universal connectivity, reaching the Defense
Advanced Projects Research Internet, MILNET, NSFnet, CERN, and many
worldwide universities, government research labs, military
installations, and business enterprises.
The term intranet refers to private interconnected
networks that use TCP/IP to connect together and function as one
virtual network.
Acronyms
For a complete list of acronyms used throughout this and other manuals
in the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS documentation set, see the
glossary in this manual.
Reader's Comments
Compaq welcomes your comments on this manual.
Print or edit the online form SYS$HELP:OPENVMSDOC_COMMENTS.TXT and send
us your comments by:
|
Internet
|
openvmsdoc@compaq.com
|
|
Fax
|
603 884-0120, Attention: OSSG Documentation, ZKO3-4/U08
|
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Mail
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Compaq Computer Corporation
OSSG Documentation Group, ZKO3-4/U08
110 Spit Brook Rd.
Nashua, NH 03062-2698
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How To Order Additional Documentation
Use the following World Wide Web address for information about how to
order additional documentation:
http://h18000.www1.hp.com/openvms
|
To reach the OpenVMS documentation web site, click the Documentation
link.
If you need help deciding which documentation best meets your needs,
call 1--800--ATCOMPA.
Conventions
All IP addresses in this manual represent fictitious addresses. The
following conventions apply to this manual.
| Convention |
Meaning |
|
UPPERCASE TEXT
|
Indicates names of OpenVMS and TCP/IP Services commands, options,
utilities, files, directories, hosts, and users.
|
|
lowercase special type
|
Indicates UNIX system output or user input, commands, options, files,
directories, utilities, hosts, and users.
|
|
bold type
|
Indicates a new term.
|
|
italic type
|
Indicates a variable.
|
|
[Return]
|
Indicates that you press the Return or Enter key.
|
|
[Ctrl/]
x
|
Indicates that you press the Control key while you press the key noted
by
x.
|
|
[ ]
|
In command format descriptions, indicates optional elements. The
elements are separated by vertical bars (|). You can enter as many as
you want.
|
|
{ }
|
In command format descriptions, indicates you must enter at least one
listed element. The elements are separated by vertical bars (|).
|
|
...
|
A horizontal ellipsis in examples indicates that additional optional
arguments have been omitted.
|
.
.
.
|
A vertical ellipsis indicates the omission of items from a code example
or display example; the items are omitted because they are not
important to the topic being discussed.
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Chapter 1
Introduction to DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS
The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product is the OpenVMS
implementation of the industry-standard TCP/IP suite of communications
protocols. With TCP/IP, heterogeneous networks can interconnect, making
it possible for users to connect to remote hosts in many ways:
- Network file access --- users can access files on remote hosts.
- Electronic mail --- users can exchange messages between hosts.
- Application development --- application programmers can develop
TCP/IP applications for communication between local and remote hosts.
- Download and file transfer --- users can exchange files between
hosts.
- User information --- users can access information about other users
logged onto the local or remote host.
- Remote management --- system managers can monitor the network and
applications from remote hosts.
- Remote terminal access --- users can access a remote host as if
their terminal is connected directly to that host.
- Remote command execution --- users can issue commands to remote
hosts.
- Remote printing --- users can send or receive print jobs to or from
remote printers.
- Remote file copy --- users can copy files that reside on remote
hosts.
- Remote booting --- users can provide boot information for remote
hosts.
Internetworking with TCP/IP hides the hardware details of each
individual network and allows computers to communicate independently of
their physical network connections. TCP/IP provides both a standard
transport mechanism and full-duplex, reliable, stream communication
services for software applications.
The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product provides
interoperability and resource sharing between OpenVMS systems, UNIX
systems, and other systems that support the TCP/IP protocol suite and
Sun Microsystems' Network File System (NFS). TCP/IP systems and other
internet hosts share data and resources by using standard TCP/IP
protocols over a number of network hardware configurations: Ethernet,
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), Token Ring, and asynchronous
transfer mode (ATM).
This chapter discusses the following:
1.1 TCP/IP Defined: Requests for Comments
TCP/IP evolved from the U.S. Government's need to connect many
different networks regardless of their hardware architecture, operating
system, or subnetwork technology. The resulting
internetwork needed to be able to route data between
networks, tolerate routing errors, and easily add new subnetworks. From
a simple four-host entity in 1969 to today's worldwide Internet
connecting thousands of networks and millions of computers, TCP/IP has
become the communications standard of the Internet.
TCP/IP is an open system interconnection. Although monitored by a
number of organizations, no one entity owns TCP/IP; its specifications
are publicly available and constantly growing as communications
requirements evolve.
The process by which the specifications evolve is through a mechanism
called Requests for Comments or, more commonly,
RFCs. Basically, when someone has an idea for a new or
improved capability for TCP/IP, he or she writes a proposal, posts it
on the Internet as an Internet draft, and requests comments from the
networking community. After a review and revision cycle, working code
is developed and an RFC becomes a standard protocol.
RFCs are available on the Internet from an organization called the
Internet Network Information Center, or InterNIC. Appendix B lists
relative RFCs and explains how you can obtain copies of RFCs.
1.2 TCP/IP Architecture
The TCP/IP protocol suite is designed in a fashion similar to that of
the OSI layered model. However, the TCP/IP protocol suite has four
layers while the OSI model has seven layers.
Figure 1-1 shows the relationship between the layers of the two
models.
Figure 1-1 Relationship Between TCP/IP and OSI Models
As shown in the illustration, the OSI model's Session and Presentation
layer functions are fulfilled by the TCP/IP Application layer
protocols. Likewise, some of the functions of the OSI Physical layer
are handled by the Network Interface layer and the hardware itself in
the TCP/IP model.
Figure 1-2 and Table 1-1 outline the layers of the TCP/IP model.
Sections 1.4 through 1.6 summarize the protocols.
Figure 1-2 DIGITAL TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
Table 1-1 TCP/IP Network Architecture Description
| Layer |
Function |
|
Data Link
|
Transmits data across a single network. This layer also receives data
routed from the Internet layer and transmits the data to its
destination.
|
|
Internet
|
Moves data around the internetwork. The Internet Protocol routes
packets across networks independently of the network medium. It also
encapsulates datagram headers, sends ICMP error and control messages,
and maps ARP address conversions.
|
|
Transport
|
Provides a flow of data between two hosts. The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services
for OpenVMS product supports the two common transport protocols:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) provides a reliable data flow
between two hosts.
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP) provides a much simpler service to the
Application layer than TCP but does not guarantee reliability.
|
|
Application
|
Handles the details of the particular application, protocol, or user
command; not concerned with the movement of data across the network.
The product supports the following TCP/IP applications, protocols, and
user commands:
Remote Computing
- TELNET for remote login to other hosts in the network.
- Remote commands: RLOGIN for remote login, RSH for remote shell
capabilities, REXEC to execute commands to a remote host, and RMT/RCD
to read magnetic tapes or CD-ROMs from remote hosts.
- Finger utility to display user information.
File Transfer
- File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to transfer files between hosts.
- Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) to download and transfer
files.
Resource Sharing
- Line printer/line printer daemon (LPR/LPD) to provide printing
services to local and remote hosts.
- TELNET Print Symbiont (TELNETSYM) to provide remote printing using
the TELNET protocol.
- Network File System (NFS) and PC-NFS to authenticate requests and
access remote files.
Electronic Mail
- Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) for electronic mail.
- Post Office Protocol (POP) for electronic mail for PC users.
Network Services
- Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to monitor and manage
any network device running SNMP software across an internetwork.
- Network Time Protocol (NTP) to synchronize time between hosts in a
TCP/IP network.
- Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), a distributed database
system, to distribute and manage host information so that hosts do not
need to know the address of every other host on the internet.
- The Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) to answer bootstrap requests from
remote devices.
- Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), a superset of BOOTP, to
assign temporary or permanent IP addresses, subnet masks, and default
gateways for both BOOTP and DHCP clients. Allows the management of
network connections from a single location through a graphical user
interface (GUI).
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